ʻO ka mea maʻamau, pono e hoʻololi ʻia ka mea kānana i nā kūlana aʻe:

1. Hoʻopōʻino ʻia ka mea kānana;

2. Ke emi iho ka pololei o ka kānana pololei a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokō i nā koi effluent

3. ʻAʻole kūpono ka puka wai o ka ʻōnaehana i ka maʻamau.

ʻO nā kumu maʻamau no ka hoʻololi pinepine ʻana i nā pahu kānana palekana:;

1. ʻAʻole paʻa ka maikaʻi o ka wai maka a ua loli pinepine, e hopena i ka nui o nā mea ʻala i komo i loko o ka mea kānana a hoʻopōkole i ka pōʻai.

2. He ʻilihune ka hopena o ka hana ma mua, a ʻo nā flocculants, nā mea paʻi unahi, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i hoʻohui ʻia i ka pre-treatment ʻaʻole i kūpono kekahi i kekahi a ʻaʻole like me ke kumu wai, e hana ana i nā mea paʻa e pili ana i ka ʻili o ka kānana. ʻeleʻele, ka hopena i ka kānana pono ʻana o ka mea kānana.

3. He ʻilihune ka maikaʻi o ka mea kānana, a ʻo ka nui o ka pore o loko a me waho o ka mea kānana maikaʻi ʻole ke kumu like.

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka ʻaoʻao o waho wale nō ka hopena interception, ʻoiai ka nui o ka kānana kānana o ka mea kānana maikaʻi e hoʻemi mālie ʻia mai waho a i loko. ʻO 5 ± 0.5 µm ka pololei o ka kānana ʻana o loko, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea haumia, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻohana lōʻihi e hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o ka effluent.